Causes of Delirium

😵‍💫Delirium (not to be confused with dementia) is a temporary, serious alteration in mental state. Patients typically struggle with thinking clearly and have a reduced awareness of the environment. This state of confusion…

Reversible Causes of Cardiac Arrest

❤️‍🩹A cardiac arrest occurs due to a sudden loss of blood flow due to the heart being unable to pump effectively. Patients typically present with loss of consciousness and abnormal/absent breathing. They may…

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

🔥Hyperthyroidism, also known as an overactive thyroid, occurs when the thyroid releases high levels of thyroid hormone into the body. This results in an increased metabolism, causing a range of signs and symptoms. …

Symptoms of Chronic Liver Disease

🍺 Chronic liver disease is any disease of the liver lasting over 6 months. There are a range of pathologies including liver cirrosis, cancer and inflammation. 🍷Some of the signs of chronic liver…

Acromegaly

Definition Constellation of signs and symptoms caused by hypersecretion of GH in adults Excess GH before puberty results in GIGANTISM Aetiology/Risk factors Most cases are caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma RARELY caused by excess…

Management of atrial fibrillation

🫀Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia that can be identified on an ECG as an irregularly irregular narrow complex tachycardia with no P waves. There are three main aspects to managing atrial fibrillation:⁠…

Post-MI complications

🤖 Use the mnemonic ‘DARTH VADER’ to remember the complications that occur after a myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack.

Wallace Rules of Nines

🔥The Rule of Nines, also known as the Wallace Rule of Nines, is a commonly used tool in trauma and emergency medicine. It is used to assess the total body surface area (BSA)…

Sepsis Six

6️⃣ The ‘Sepsis Six’ is the a group of 6 therapies used in patients that have sepsis to reduce the chance of mortality. Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body…

Tumour lysis syndrome

🩸Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) occurs as a complication of treating cancer. It causes a range of metabolic abnormalities due to large amounts of tumour cells being killed at the same time and causing…

Causes of Vomiting

🤮 Vomiting can be caused by many conditions, both GI and non-GI. There are many different sources of input throughout the body that feed into the vomiting centre in the brain, which ultimately…

Non-Invasive Ventilation

🫁 Non-Invasive Ventilation is a method of delivering oxygen which usually uses a face mask. It is termed ‘non-invasive’ because it uses a tightly fitted mask or helmet without the need for intubation…

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